The Global Nonlinear Stability of Minkowski Space for Self-Gravitating Massive Fields by
This book is devoted to the Einstein's field equations of general relativity for self-gravitating massive scalar fields. We formulate the initial value problem when the initial data set is a perturbation of an asymptotically flat, spacelike hypersurface in Minkowski spacetime. We then establish the existence of an Einstein development associated with this initial data set, which is proven to be an asymptotically flat and future geodesically complete spacetime.
Mathematics of Planet Earth by
Mathematics of Planet Earth (MPE) was started and continues to be consolidated as a collaboration of mathematical science organisations around the world. These organisations work together to tackle global environmental, social and economic problems using mathematics. This textbook introduces the fundamental topics of MPE to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics, physics and engineering while explaining their modern usages and operational connections. In particular, it discusses the links between partial differential equations, data assimilation, dynamical systems, mathematical modelling and numerical simulations and applies them to insightful examples. The text also complements advanced courses in geophysical fluid dynamics (GFD) for meteorology, atmospheric science and oceanography. It links the fundamental scientific topics of GFD with their potential usage in applications of climate change and weather variability. The immediacy of examples provides an excellent introduction for experienced researchers interested in learning the scope and primary concepts of MPE.
Method of Lines Analysis of Turing Models by
This book is directed toward the numerical integration (solution) of a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) that describes a combination of chemical reaction and diffusion, that is, reaction-diffusion PDEs. The particular form of the PDEs corresponds to a system discussed by Alan Turing and is therefore termed a Turing model. Specifically, Turing considered how a reaction-diffusion system can be formulated that does not have the usual smoothing properties of a diffusion (dispersion) system, and can, in fact, develop a spatial variation that might be interpreted as a form of morphogenesis, so he termed the chemicals as morphogens. Turing alluded to the important impact computers would have in the study of a morphogenic PDE system, but at the time (1952), computers were still not readily available. Therefore, his paper is based on analytical methods. Although computers have since been applied to Turing models, computer-based analysis is still not facilitated by a discussion of numerical algorithms and a readily available system of computer routines. The intent of this book is to provide a basic discussion of numerical methods and associated computer routines for reaction-diffusion systems of varying form. The presentation has a minimum of formal mathematics. Rather, the presentation is in terms of detailed examples, presented at an introductory level. This format should assist readers who are interested in developing computer-based analysis for reaction-diffusion PDE systems without having to first study numerical methods and computer programming (coding). The numerical examples are discussed in terms of: (1) numerical integration of the PDEs to demonstrate the spatiotemporal features of the solutions and (2) a numerical eigenvalue analysis that corroborates the observed temporal variation of the solutions. The resulting temporal variation of the 2D and 3D plots demonstrates how the solutions evolve dynamically, including oscillatory long-term behavior. In all of the examples, routines in R are presented and discussed in detail. The routines are available through this link so that the reader can execute the PDE models to reproduce the reported solutions, then experiment with the models, including extensions and application to alternative models.
Spectral Geometry of the Laplacian: Spectral Analysis and Differential Geometry of the Laplacian by
The totality of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian of a compact Riemannian manifold is called the spectrum. We describe how the spectrum determines a Riemannian manifold. The continuity of the eigenvalue of the Laplacian, Cheeger and Yau's estimate of the first eigenvalue, the Lichnerowicz-Obata's theorem on the first eigenvalue, the Cheng's estimates of the kth eigenvalues, and Payne-P lya-Weinberger's inequality of the Dirichlet eigenvalue of the Laplacian are also described. Then, the theorem of Colin de Verdi re, that is, the spectrum determines the totality of all the lengths of closed geodesics is described. We give the V Guillemin and D Kazhdan's theorem which determines the Riemannian manifold of negative curvature.
Y Origami? by
When origami met the worlds of design and engineering, both fields embraced the ancient art form, using its principles and practices to discover new problems and to generate inventive solutions. This book demonstrates the potential of folding to improve the way things work, simplify how products are produced, and make possible new objects otherwise impossible. The solar collector, the felt stool, and the surgery tool have all been influenced in some way by folding paper. The example section is organized to show the folded figure next to the product prototype that was inspired by that work of origami. We have included models made from an array of materials over a range of sizes. This includes everything from a microscopic mechanism to huge solar panels designed to unfold in outer space. Most entries are at the prototype phase-meaning that physical hardware has been built to demonstrate the concept, but that the examples are not necessarily available commercially. Y Origami? also includes brief learning activities related to paper folding, such as a discussion of Euler's formula, angular measurements, and developable surfaces, along with more advanced topics. Throughout the book many diagrams and photographs illustrate the advancing concepts and methods of origami as an art form and a problem-solving strategy.
Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces by
This engrossing volume on curve and surface theories is the result of many years of experience the authors have had with teaching the most essential aspects of this subject. The first half of the text is suitable for a university-level course, without the need for referencing other texts, as it is completely self-contained. More advanced material in the second half of the book, including appendices, also serves more experienced students well. Furthermore, this text is also suitable for a seminar for graduate students, and for self-study. It is written in a robust style that gives the student the opportunity to continue his study at a higher level beyond what a course would usually offer. Further material is included, for example, closed curves, enveloping curves, curves of constant width, the fundamental theorem of surface theory, constant mean curvature surfaces, and existence of curvature line coordinates. Surface theory from the viewpoint of manifolds theory is explained, and encompasses higher level material that is useful for the more advanced student. This includes, but is not limited to, indices of umbilics, properties of cycloids, existence of conformal coordinates, and characterizing conditions for singularities. In summary, this textbook succeeds in elucidating detailed explanations of fundamental material, where the most essential basic notions stand out clearly, but does not shy away from the more advanced topics needed for research in this field. It provides a large collection of mathematically rich supporting topics. Thus, it is an ideal first textbook in this field.
Ranks of Groups by
A comprehensive guide to ranks and group theory Ranks of Groups features a logical, straightforward presentation, beginning with a succinct discussion of the standard ranks before moving on to specific aspects of ranks of groups. Topics covered include section ranks, groups of finite 0-rank, minimax rank, special rank, groups of finite section p-rank, groups having finite section p-rank for all primes p, groups of finite bounded section rank, groups whose abelian subgroups have finite rank, groups whose abelian subgroups have bounded finite rank, finitely generated groups having finite rank, residual properties of groups of finite rank, groups covered by normal subgroups of bounded finite rank, and theorems of Schur and Baer. This book presents fundamental concepts and notions related to the area of ranks in groups. Class-tested worldwide by highly qualified authors in the fields of abstract algebra and group theory, this book focuses on critical concepts with the most interesting, striking, and central results. In order to provide readers with the most useful techniques related to the various different ranks in a group, the authors have carefully examined hundreds of current research articles on group theory authored by researchers around the world, providing an up-to-date, comprehensive treatment of the subject. * All material has been thoroughly vetted and class-tested by well-known researchers who have worked in the area of rank conditions in groups * Topical coverage reflects the most modern, up-to-date research on ranks of groups * Features a unified point-of-view on the most important results in ranks obtained using various methods so as to illustrate the role those ranks play within group theory * Focuses on the tools and methods concerning ranks necessary to achieve significant progress in the study and clarification of the structure of groups Ranks of Groups: The Tools, Characteristics, and Restrictions is an excellent textbook for graduate courses in mathematics, featuring numerous exercises, whose solutions are provided. This book will be an indispensable resource for mathematicians and researchers specializing in group theory and abstract algebra. MARTYN R. DIXON, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Alabama. LEONID A. KURDACHENKO, PhD, DrS, is Distinguished Professor and Chair of the Department of Algebra at the University of Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine. IGOR YA SUBBOTIN, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at National University in Los Angeles, California.
Moduli Spaces of Stable Sheaves on Schemes: Restriction Theorems, Boundedness and the Git Construction by
The notion of stability for algebraic vector bundles on curves was originally introduced by Mumford, and moduli spaces of semi-stable vector bundles were studied intensively by Indian mathematicians. The notion of stability for algebraic sheaves was generalized to higher dimensional varieties. The study of moduli spaces of algebraic sheaves not only on curves but also on higher dimensional algebraic varieties has attracted much interest for decades and its importance has been increasing not only in algebraic geometry but also in related fields as differential geometry, mathematical physics.Masaki Maruyama is one of the pioneers in the theory of algebraic vector bundles on higher dimensional algebraic varieties. This book is a posthumous publication of his manuscript. It starts with basic concepts such as stability of sheaves, Harder-Narasimhan filtration and generalities on boundedness of sheaves. It then presents fundamental theorems on semi-stable sheaves: restriction theorems of semi-stable sheaves, boundedness of semi-stable sheaves, tensor products of semi-stable sheaves. Finally, after constructing quote-schemes, it explains the construction of the moduli space of semi-stable sheaves. The theorems are stated in a general setting and the proofs are rigorous.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets
An Introduction to Proof Through Real Analysis by
An engaging and accessible introduction to mathematical proof incorporating ideas from real analysis A mathematical proof is an inferential argument for a mathematical statement. Since the time of the ancient Greek mathematicians, the proof has been a cornerstone of the science of mathematics. The goal of this book is to help students learn to follow and understand the function and structure of mathematical proof and to produce proofs of their own. An Introduction to Proof through Real Analysis is based on course material developed and refined over thirty years by Professor Daniel J. Madden and was designed to function as a complete text for both first proofs and first analysis courses. Written in an engaging and accessible narrative style, this book systematically covers the basic techniques of proof writing, beginning with real numbers and progressing to logic, set theory, topology, and continuity. The book proceeds from natural numbers to rational numbers in a familiar way, and justifies the need for a rigorous definition of real numbers. The mathematical climax of the story it tells is the Intermediate Value Theorem, which justifies the notion that the real numbers are sufficient for solving all geometric problems. * Concentrates solely on designing proofs by placing instruction on proof writing on top of discussions of specific mathematical subjects * Departs from traditional guides to proofs by incorporating elements of both real analysis and algebraic representation * Written in an engaging narrative style to tell the story of proof and its meaning, function, and construction * Uses a particular mathematical idea as the focus of each type of proof presented * Developed from material that has been class-tested and fine-tuned over thirty years in university introductory courses An Introduction to Proof through Real Analysis is the ideal introductory text to proofs for second and third-year undergraduate mathematics students, especially those who have completed a calculus sequence, students learning real analysis for the first time, and those learning proofs for the first time. Daniel J. Madden, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Mathematics at The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. He has taught a junior level course introducing students to the idea of a rigorous proof based on real analysis almost every semester since 1990. Dr. Madden is the winner of the 2015 Southwest Section of the Mathematical Association of America Distinguished Teacher Award. Jason A. Aubrey, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Mathematics and Director, Mathematics Center of the University of Arizona.
Compactifications of Pel-Type Shimura Varieties and Kuga Families with Ordinary Loci by
This book is a comprehensive treatise on the partial toroidal and minimal compactifications of the ordinary loci of PEL-type Shimura varieties and Kuga families, and on the canonical and subcanonical extensions of automorphic bundles. The results in this book serve as the logical foundation of several recent developments in the theory of p-adic automorphic forms; and of the author's work with Harris, Taylor, and Thorne on the construction of Galois representations without any polarizability conditions, which is a major breakthrough in the Langlands program. This book is important for active researchers and graduate students who need to understand the above-mentioned recent works, and is written with such users of the theory in mind, providing plenty of explanations and background materials, which should be helpful for people working in similar areas. It also contains precise internal and external references, and an index of notation and terminologies. These are useful for readers to quickly locate materials they need.
Strong Uniformity and Large Dynamical Systems by
It is the first book about a new aspect of Uniform distribution, called Strong Uniformity. Besides developing the theory of Strong Uniformity, the book also includes novel applications in the underdeveloped field of Large Dynamical Systems.
Introduction to Experimental Mathematics by
Mathematics is not, and never will be, an empirical science, but mathematicians are finding that the use of computers and specialized software allows the generation of mathematical insight in the form of conjectures and examples, which pave the way for theorems and their proofs. In this way, the experimental approach to pure mathematics is revolutionizing the way research mathematicians work. As the first of its kind, this book provides material for a one-semester course in experimental mathematics that will give students the tools and training needed to systematically investigate and develop mathematical theory using computer programs written in Maple. Accessible to readers without prior programming experience, and using examples of concrete mathematical problems to illustrate a wide range of techniques, the book gives a thorough introduction to the field of experimental mathematics, which will prepare students for the challenge posed by open mathematical problems.
Nonlinear PDEs by
This is an introductory textbook about nonlinear dynamics of PDEs, with a focus on problems over unbounded domains and modulation equations. The presentation is example-oriented, and new mathematical tools are developed step by step, giving insight into some important classes of nonlinear PDEs and nonlinear dynamics phenomena which may occur in PDEs. The book consists of four parts. Parts I and II are introductions to finite- and infinite-dimensional dynamics defined by ODEs and by PDEs over bounded domains, respectively, including the basics of bifurcation and attractor theory. Part III introduces PDEs on the real line, including the Korteweg-de Vries equation, the Nonlinear Schrodinger equation and the Ginzburg-Landau equation. These examples often occur as simplest possible models, namely as amplitude or modulation equations, for some real world phenomena such as nonlinear waves and pattern formation. Part IV explores in more detail the connections between such complicated physical systems and the reduced models. For many models, a mathematically rigorous justification by approximation results is given. The parts of the book are kept as self-contained as possible. The book is suitable for self-study, and there are various possibilities to build one- or two-semester courses from the book.
Geometry of Moduli Spaces and Representation Theory by
This book is based on lectures given at the Graduate Summer School of the 2015 Park City Mathematics Institute program ``Geometry of moduli spaces and representation theory'', and is devoted to several interrelated topics in algebraic geometry, topology of algebraic varieties, and representation theory. Geometric representation theory is a young but fast developing research area at the intersection of these subjects. An early profound achievement was the famous conjecture by Kazhdan-Lusztig about characters of highest weight modules over a complex semi-simple Lie algebra, and its subsequent proof by Beilinson-Bernstein and Brylinski-Kashiwara. Two remarkable features of this proof have inspired much of subsequent development: intricate algebraic data turned out to be encoded in topological invariants of singular geometric spaces, while proving this fact required deep general theorems from algebraic geometry. Another focus of the program was enumerative algebraic geometry. Recent progress showed the role of Lie theoretic structures in problems such as calculation of quantum cohomology, K-theory, etc. Although the motivation and technical background of these constructions is quite different from that of geometric Langlands duality, both theories deal with topological invariants of moduli spaces of maps from a target of complex dimension one. Thus they are at least heuristically related, while several recent works indicate possible strong technical connections. The main goal of this collection of notes is to provide young researchers and experts alike with an introduction to these areas of active research and promote interaction between the two related directions.
Geometry, Dynamics, and Foliations 2013 by
This volume is an outcome of the conference ``Geometry and Foliations 2013'', held in Tokyo in September 2013, and associated meetings. The volume aims to provide a good overview of present studies as well as some perspective for further studies. It includes B. Deroin's survey on Brownian motions on foliated complex surfaces, which contains many essential results and ideas. Other articles cover a wide range of topics related to foliations and groups of diffeomorphisms old and new; some articles discuss characteristic classes such as Godbillon-Vey class or homotopy theory of foliations while others deal with topological and differential geometrical aspects, particularly in the holomorphic setting. Several articles show the relationship of these topics to geometric group theory. This volume is highly recommended to researchers and graduate students interested in the theories of foliations and related topics such as diffeomorphism groups and geometric group theory.
Pi of Life by
Is the most important language in the universe also capable of making us happy in simple and profound ways? Can we really weave the foundations of lifelong joy--humility, gratitude, connection, etc.--through the apparent complexity of numbers? Have we oversold the practicality of mathematics, while ignoring its larger and more human purposes--happiness? In Pi of Life: The Hidden Happiness of Mathematics, Sunil Singh takes the readers on a unique adventure, discovering that all the elements that are essential for lifelong happiness are deeply intertwined with the magic of mathematics. Blending classic wisdom with over 100 pop culture references--music, television and film--Singh whimsically switches the lens in this book from the traditional society teaching math to a new and bold math teaching society. Written with charming buoyancy and intimacy, he takes us on an emotional and surprising journey through the deepest goldmine of mathematics--our personal happiness.
Learn Ggplot2 Using Shiny App by
This book and app is for practitioners, professionals, researchers, and students who want to learn how to make a plot within the R environment using ggplot2, step-by-step without coding. In widespread use in the statistical communities, R is a free software language and environment for statistical programming and graphics. Many users find R to have a steep learning curve but to be extremely useful once overcome. ggplot2 is an extremely popular package tailored for producing graphics within R but which requires coding and has a steep learning curve itself, and Shiny is an open source R package that provides a web framework for building web applications using R without requiring HTML, CSS, or JavaScript. This manual--"integrating" R, ggplot2, and Shiny--introduces a new Shiny app, Learn ggplot2, that allows users to make plots easily without coding. With the Learn ggplot2 Shiny app, users can make plots using ggplot2 without having to code each step, reducing typos and error messages and allowing users to become familiar with ggplot2 code. The app makes it easy to apply themes, make multiplots (combining several plots into one plot), and download plots as PNG, PDF, or PowerPoint files with editable vector graphics. Users can also make plots on any computer or smart phone. Learn ggplot2 Using Shiny App allows users to Make publication-ready plots in minutes without coding Download plots with desired width, height, and resolution Plot and download plots in png, pdf, and PowerPoint formats, with or without R code and with editable vector graphics
A Course in Analysis by
In this third volume of "A Course in Analysis," two topics indispensible for every mathematician are treated: Measure and Integration Theory; and Complex Function Theory. In the first part measurable spaces and measure spaces are introduced and Caratheodory's extension theorem is proved. This is followed by the construction of the integral with respect to a measure, in particular with respect to the Lebesgue measure in the Euclidean space. The Radon-Nikodym theorem and the transformation theorem are discussed and much care is taken to handle convergence theorems with applications, as well as Lp-spaces. Integration on product spaces and Fubini's theorem is a further topic as is the discussion of the relation between the Lebesgue integral and the Riemann integral. In addition to these standard topics we deal with the Hausdorff measure, convolutions of functions and measures including the Friedrichs mollifier, absolutely continuous functions and functions of bounded variation. The fundamental theorem of calculus is revisited, and we also look at Sard's theorem or the Riesz-Kolmogorov theorem on pre-compact sets in Lp-spaces. The text can serve as a companion to lectures, but it can also be used for self-studying. This volume includes more than 275 problems solved completely in detail which should help the student further.
Measuring Agreement by
Presents statistical methodologies for analyzing common types of data from method comparison experiments and illustrates their applications through detailed case studies Measuring Agreement: Models, Methods, and Applications features statistical evaluation of agreement between two or more methods of measurement of a variable with a primary focus on continuous data. The authors view the analysis of method comparison data as a two-step procedure where an adequate model for the data is found, and then inferential techniques are applied for appropriate functions of parameters of the model. The presentation is accessible to a wide audience and provides the necessary technical details and references. In addition, the authors present chapter-length explorations of data from paired measurements designs, repeated measurements designs, and multiple methods; data with covariates; and heteroscedastic, longitudinal, and categorical data. The book also: * Strikes a balance between theory and applications * Presents parametric as well as nonparametric methodologies * Provides a concise introduction to Cohen's kappa coefficient and other measures of agreement for binary and categorical data * Discusses sample size determination for trials on measuring agreement * Contains real-world case studies and exercises throughout * Provides a supplemental website containing the related datasets and R code Measuring Agreement: Models, Methods, and Applications is a resource for statisticians and biostatisticians engaged in data analysis, consultancy, and methodological research. It is a reference for clinical chemists, ecologists, and biomedical and other scientists who deal with development and validation of measurement methods. This book can also serve as a graduate-level text for students in statistics and biostatistics.
A First Course in Analysis by
This rigorous textbook is intended for a year-long analysis or advanced calculus course for advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate students. Starting with detailed, slow-paced proofs that allow students to acquire facility in reading and writing proofs, it clearly and concisely explains the basics of differentiation and integration of functions of one and several variables, and covers the theorems of Green, Gauss, and Stokes. Minimal prerequisites are assumed, and relevant linear algebra topics are reviewed right before they are needed, making the material accessible to students from diverse backgrounds. Abstract topics are preceded by concrete examples to facilitate understanding, for example, before introducing differential forms, the text examines low-dimensional examples. The meaning and importance of results are thoroughly discussed, and numerous exercises of varying difficulty give students ample opportunity to test and improve their knowledge of this difficult yet vital subject.
A Course on Abstract Algebra by
This textbook provides an introduction to abstract algebra for advanced undergraduate students. Based on the authors' notes at the Department of Mathematics, National Chung Cheng University, it contains material sufficient for three semesters of study. It begins with a description of the algebraic structures of the ring of integers and the field of rational numbers. Abstract groups are then introduced. Technical results such as Lagrange's theorem and Sylow's theorems follow as applications of group theory. The theory of rings and ideals forms the second part of this textbook, with the ring of integers, the polynomial rings and matrix rings as basic examples. Emphasis will be on factorization in a factorial domain. The final part of the book focuses on field extensions and Galois theory to illustrate the correspondence between Galois groups and splitting fields of separable polynomials. Three whole new chapters are added to this second edition. Group action is introduced to give a more in-depth discussion on Sylow's theorems. We also provide a formula in solving combinatorial problems as an application. We devote two chapters to module theory, which is a natural generalization of the theory of the vector spaces. Readers will see the similarity and subtle differences between the two. In particular, determinant is formally defined and its properties rigorously proved. The textbook is more accessible and less ambitious than most existing books covering the same subject. Readers will also find the pedagogical material very useful in enhancing the teaching and learning of abstract algebra.
An Illustrated Theory of Numbers by
An Illustrated Theory of Numbers gives a comprehensive introduction to number theory, with complete proofs, worked examples, and exercises. Its exposition reflects the most recent scholarship in mathematics and its history. Almost 500 sharp illustrations accompany elegant proofs, from prime decomposition through quadratic reciprocity. Geometric and dynamical arguments provide new insights, and allow for a rigorous approach with less algebraic manipulation. The final chapters contain an extended treatment of binary quadratic forms, using Conway's topograph to solve quadratic Diophantine equations (e.g. Pell's equation) and to study reduction and the finiteness of class numbers. Data visualizations introduce the reader to open questions and cutting-edge results in analytic number theory such as the Riemann hypothesis, boundedness of prime gaps, and the class number 1 problem. Accompanying each chapter, historical notes curate primary sources and secondary scholarship to trace the development of number theory within and outside the Western tradition. Requiring only high school algebra and geometry, this text is recommended for a first course in elementary number theory, and to all mathematicians seeking a fresh perspective on an ancient subject.
Non-Standard Parametric Statistical Inference by
This book discusses the fitting of parametric statistical models to data samples. Emphasis is placed on: (i) how to recognize situations where the problem is non-standard when parameter estimates behave unusually, and (ii) the use of parametric bootstrap resampling methods in analyzing suchproblems.A frequentist likelihood-based viewpoint is adopted, for which there is a well-established and very practical theory. The standard situation is where certain widely applicable regularity conditions hold. However, there are many apparently innocuous situations where standard theory breaks down,sometimes spectacularly. Most of the departures from regularity are described geometrically, with only sufficient mathematical detail to clarify the non-standard nature of a problem and to allow formulation of practical solutions.The book is intended for anyone with a basic knowledge of statistical methods, as is typically covered in a university statistical inference course, wishing to understand or study how standard methodology might fail. Easy to understand statistical methods are presented which overcome thesedifficulties, and demonstrated by detailed examples drawn from real applications. Simple and practical model-building is an underlying theme.Parametric bootstrap resampling is used throughout for analyzing the properties of fitted models, illustrating its ease of implementation even in non-standard situations. Distributional properties are obtained numerically for estimators or statistics not previously considered in the literaturebecause their theoretical distributional properties are too hard to obtain theoretically. Bootstrap results are presented mainly graphically in the book, providing an accessible demonstration of the sampling behaviour of estimators.
Foolproof, and Other Mathematical Meditations by
A non-mathematician explores mathematical terrain, reporting accessibly and engagingly on topics from Sudoku to probability. Brian Hayes wants to convince us that mathematics is too important and too much fun to be left to the mathematicians. Foolproof, and Other Mathematical Meditations is his entertaining and accessible exploration of mathematical terrain both far-flung and nearby, bringing readers tidings of mathematical topics from Markov chains to Sudoku. Hayes, a non-mathematician, argues that mathematics is not only an essential tool for understanding the world but also a world unto itself, filled with objects and patterns that transcend earthly reality. In a series of essays, Hayes sets off to explore this exotic terrain, and takes the reader with him. Math has a bad reputation: dull, difficult, detached from daily life. As a talking Barbie doll opined, "Math class is tough." But Hayes makes math seem fun. Whether he's tracing the genealogy of a well-worn anecdote about a famous mathematical prodigy, or speculating about what would happen to a lost ball in the nth dimension, or explaining that there are such things as quasirandom numbers, Hayes wants readers to share his enthusiasm. That's why he imagines a cinematic treatment of the discovery of the Riemann zeta function ("The year: 1972. The scene: Afternoon tea in Fuld Hall at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey"), explains that there is math in Sudoku after all, and describes better-than-average averages. Even when some of these essays involve a hike up the learning curve, the view from the top is worth it.
Handbook of Mereology by
This 'Handbook of Mereology' is the first comprehensive reference work for research on part-whole relations, or better, a substantive part of such a project. The guiding idea, developed by Burkhardt and Seibt more than a decade ago, was to offer an inclusive presentation of contemporary research on part-whole relations that would draw out systematic, historical, and interdisciplinary trajectories, show the subject's fecundity, and inspire future explorations. In particular, the editors wants to impress that mereology is much more than the study of axiomatized reasoning systems. The relationship between part and whole is one of the most basic schemata of cognitive organization; it is not only a phenomenon at the level of language processing and propositional thought, but also at the level of sensory input processing, especially visual and auditory. In all research disciplines, part-whole relations organize all three core components of research: data domains, methods, and theories. In short, part-whole relations play a fundamental role in how we perceive and interact with nature, how we speak and think about the world and ourselves, as societies and as individuals.
Harmonies of Disorder by
This book presents the entire body of thought of Norbert Wiener (1894-1964), knowledge of which is essential if one wishes to understand and correctly interpret the age in which we live. The focus is in particular on the philosophical and sociological aspects of Wiener's thought, but these aspects are carefully framed within the context of his scientific journey. Important biographical events, including some that were previously unknown, are also highlighted, but while the book has a biographical structure, it is not only a biography. The book is divided into four chronological sections, the first two of which explore Wiener's development as a philosopher and logician and his brilliant interwar career as a mathematician, supported by his philosophical background. The third section considers his research during World War II, which drew upon his previous scientific work and reflections and led to the birth of cybernetics. Finally, the radical post-war shift in Wiener's intellectual path is considered, examining how he came to abandon computer science projects and commenced ceaseless public reflections on the new sciences and technologies of information, their social effects, and the need for responsibility in science.
Exact Thinking in Demented Times by
A dazzling group biography of the early twentieth-century thinkers who transformed the way the world thought about math and science Inspired by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity and Bertrand Russell and David Hilbert's pursuit of the fundamental rules of mathematics, some of the most brilliant minds of the generation came together in post-World War I Vienna to present the latest theories in mathematics, science, and philosophy and to build a strong foundation for scientific investigation. Composed of such luminaries as Kurt Gödel and Rudolf Carnap, and stimulated by the works of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Karl Popper, the Vienna Circle left an indelible mark on science. Exact Thinking in Demented Times tells the often outrageous, sometimes tragic, and never boring stories of the men who transformed scientific thought. A revealing work of history, this landmark book pays tribute to those who dared to reinvent knowledge from the ground up.
Stochastic Partial Differential Equations by
Taking readers with a basic knowledge of probability and real analysis to the frontiers of a very active research discipline, this textbook provides all the necessary background from functional analysis and the theory of PDEs. It covers the main types of equations (elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic) and discusses different types of random forcing. The objective is to give the reader the necessary tools to understand the proofs of existing theorems about SPDEs (from other sources) and perhaps even to formulate and prove a few new ones. Most of the material could be covered in about 40 hours of lectures, as long as not too much time is spent on the general discussion of stochastic analysis in infinite dimensions. As the subject of SPDEs is currently making the transition from the research level to that of a graduate or even undergraduate course, the book attempts to present enough exercise material to fill potential exams and homework assignments. Exercises appear throughout and are usually directly connected to the material discussed at a particular place in the text. The questions usually ask to verify something, so that the reader already knows the answer and, if pressed for time, can move on. Accordingly, no solutions are provided, but there are often hints on how to proceed. The book will be of interest to everybody working in the area of stochastic analysis, from beginning graduate students to experts in the field.