Algorithms : A Top-down Approach by 
Category Theory : Invariances and Symmetries in Computer Science by
This book analyzes the generation of the arrow-categories of a given category, which is a foundational and distinguishable Category Theory phenomena, in analogy to the foundational role of sets in the traditional set-based Mathematics, for definition of natural numbers as well. This inductive transformation of a category into the infinite hierarchy of the arrow categories is extended to the functors and natural transformations. The author considers invariant categorial properties (the symmetries) under such inductive transformations. The book focuses in particular on global symmetry (invariance of adjunctions) and Internal symmetries between arrows and objects in a category (in analogy to field theories like Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity). The second part of the book is dedicated to more advanced applications of Internal symmetry to computer science: for Intuitionistic Logic, Untyped Lambda Calculus with Fixpoint Operators, Labeled Transition Systems in Process Algebras and Modal logics as well as Data Integration Theory.
Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications by
Nonlinear functional analysis is a central subject of mathematics with applications in many areas of geometry, analysis, fluid and elastic mechanics, physics, chemistry, biology, control theory, optimization, game theory, economics etc. This work is devoted, in a self-contained way, to several subjects of this topic such as theory of accretive operators in Banach spaces, theory of abstract Cauchy problem, metric and topological fixed point theory. Special emphasis is given to the study of how these theories can be used to obtain existence and uniqueness of solutions for several types of evolution and stationary equations. In particular, equations arising in dynamical population and neutron transport equations are discussed.
Topics in Statistical Learning Theory by
This volume is the outcome of a series of three lectures on statistical learning theory given at Institute Henri Poincaré in 2011 under the auspices of the Société Mathéatique de France. Topics covered include: an overview of the history of Statistical Learning Theory, algorithms for minimally supervised learning, and online learning.
Qualitative Theory of ODEs : An Introduction to Dynamical Systems Theory by
The Qualitative Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) occupies a rather special position both in Applied and Theoretical Mathematics. On the one hand, it is a continuation of the standard course on ODEs. On the other hand, it is an introduction to Dynamical Systems, one of the main mathematical disciplines in recent decades. Moreover, it turns out to be very useful for graduates when they encounter differential equations in their work; usually those equations are very complicated and cannot be solved by standard methods. The main idea of the qualitative analysis of differential equations is to be able to say something about the behavior of solutions of the equations, without solving them explicitly. Therefore, in the first place such properties like the stability of solutions stand out. It is the stability with respect to changes in the initial conditions of the problem. Note that, even with the numerical approach to differential equations, all calculations are subject to a certain inevitable error. Therefore, it is desirable that the asymptotic behavior of the solutions is insensitive to perturbations of the initial state. Each chapter contains a series of problems (with varying degrees of difficulty) and a self-respecting student should solve them. This book is based on the first author's translation of lecture notes in Polish by the second author, edited in the portal Matematyka Stosowana (Applied Mathematics) at the University of Warsaw.
Selected Works of Isadore Singer: 3-Volume Set by
This collection presents the major mathematical works of Isadore Singer, selected by Singer himself, and organized thematically into three volumes: 1. Functional analysis, differential geometry and eigenvalues 2. Index theory 3. Gauge theory and physics Each volume begins with a commentary (and in the first volume, a short biography of Singer), and then presents the works on its theme in roughly chronological order.
One-Cocycles and Knot Invariants by
One-Cocycles and Knot Invariants is about classical knots, i.e., smooth oriented knots in 3-space. It introduces discrete combinatorial analysis in knot theory in order to solve a global tetrahedron equation. This new technique is then used to construct combinatorial 1-cocycles in a certain moduli space of knot diagrams. The construction of the moduli space makes use of the meridian and the longitude of the knot. The combinatorial 1-cocycles are therefore lifts of the well-known Conway polynomial of knots, and they can be calculated in polynomial time. The 1-cocycles can distinguish loops consisting of knot diagrams in the moduli space up to homology. They give knot invariants when they are evaluated on canonical loops in the connected components of the moduli space. They are a first candidate for numerical knot invariants which can perhaps distinguish the orientation of knots.
Linear Algebra : Core Topics for the Second Course by
This is a book for the second course in linear algebra whereby students are assumed to be familiar with calculations using real matrices. To facilitate a smooth transition into rigorous proofs, it combines abstract theory with matrix calculations.This book presents numerous examples and proofs of particular cases of important results before the general versions are formulated and proved. The knowledge gained from a particular case, that encapsulates the main idea of a general theorem, can be easily extended to prove another particular case or a general case. For some theorems, there are two or even three proofs provided. In this way, students stand to gain and study important results from different angles and, at the same time, see connections between different results presented in the book.
Handbook of Mathematical Science Communication by
Mathematical science communication, as well as the field of science communication in general, has gained momentum over the last few decades. Mathematical science communication aims to inform the public about contemporary research, enhance factual and methodological knowledge, and foster a greater interest and support for the science of mathematics. This enables the public to apply it to their practical life, and to decision-making on a greater scale. These objectives are met in the various formats and media through which mathematical science communication is brought to the public.The first 13 chapters of the book consist of best-practice examples from the areas of informal math education, museums and exhibitions, and the arts. The final 5 chapters discuss the structural aspects of mathematical science communication and contribute to the basis for its theoretical framework.
Perfect and Amicable Numbers by
This book contains a detailed presentation on the theory of two classes of special numbers, perfect numbers, and amicable numbers, as well as some of their generalizations. It also gives a large list of their properties, facts and theorems with full proofs. Perfect and amicable numbers, as well as most classes of special numbers, have many interesting properties, including numerous modern and classical applications as well as a long history connected with the names of famous mathematicians. The theory of perfect and amicable numbers is a part of pure Arithmetic, and in particular a part of Divisibility Theory and the Theory of Arithmetical Functions. This is also an important part of the history of prime numbers, since the main formulas that generate perfect numbers and amicable pairs are dependent on the good choice of one or several primes of special form. Nowadays, the theory of perfect and amicable numbers contains many interesting mathematical facts and theorems, alongside many important computer algorithms needed for searching for new large elements of these two famous classes of special numbers. This book contains a list of open problems and numerous questions related to generalizations of the classical case, which provides a broad perspective on the theory of these two classes of special numbers. Perfect and Amicable Numbers can be useful and interesting to both professional and general audiences.
Topics in Applied Mathematics and Modeling : Concise Theory with Case Studies by
The analysis and interpretation of mathematical models is an essential part of the modern scientific process. Topics in Applied Mathematics and Modeling is designed for a one-semester course in this area aimed at a wide undergraduate audience in the mathematical sciences. The prerequisite for access is exposure to the central ideas of linear algebra and ordinary differential equations. The subjects explored in the book are dimensional analysis and scaling, dynamical systems, perturbation methods, and calculus of variations. These are immense subjects of wide applicability and a fertile ground for critical thinking and quantitative reasoning, in which every student of mathematics should have some experience. Students who use this book will enhance their understanding of mathematics, acquire tools to explore meaningful scientific problems, and increase their preparedness for future research and advanced studies. The highlights of the book are case studies and mini-projects, which illustrate the mathematics in action. The book also contains a wealth of examples, figures, and regular exercises to support teaching and learning. The book includes opportunities for computer-aided explorations, and each chapter contains a bibliography with references covering further details of the material.
Discrete Analogues in Harmonic Analysis : Bourgain, Stein, and Beyond by
This timely book explores certain modern topics and connections at the interface of harmonic analysis, ergodic theory, number theory, and additive combinatorics. The main ideas were pioneered by Bourgain and Stein, motivated by questions involving averages over polynomial sequences, but the subject has grown significantly over the last 30 years, through the work of many researchers, and has steadily become one of the most dynamic areas of modern harmonic analysis. The author has succeeded admirably in choosing and presenting a large number of ideas in a mostly self-contained and exciting monograph that reflects his interesting personal perspective and expertise into these topics. --Alexandru Ionescu, Princeton University Discrete harmonic analysis is a rapidly developing field of mathematics that fuses together classical Fourier analysis, probability theory, ergodic theory, analytic number theory, and additive combinatorics in new and interesting ways. While one can find good treatments of each of these individual ingredients from other sources, to my knowledge this is the first text that treats the subject of discrete harmonic analysis holistically. The presentation is highly accessible and suitable for students with an introductory graduate knowledge of analysis, with many of the basic techniques explained first in simple contexts and with informal intuitions before being applied to more complicated problems; it will be a useful resource for practitioners in this field of all levels. --Terence Tao, University of California, Los Angeles
Bayesian Statistics for Experimental Scientists : A General Introduction Using Distribution-free Methods by
This book offers an introduction to the Bayesian approach to statistical inference, with a focus on nonparametric and distribution-free methods. It covers not only well-developed methods for doing Bayesian statistics but also novel tools that enable Bayesian statistical analyses for cases that previously did not have a full Bayesian solution. The book's premise is that there are fundamental problems with orthodox frequentist statistical analyses that distort the scientific process. Side-by-side comparisons of Bayesian and frequentist methods illustrate the mismatch between the needs of experimental scientists in making inferences from data and the properties of the standard tools of classical statistics. The book first covers elementary probability theory, the binomial model, the multinomial model, and methods for comparing different experimental conditions or groups. It then turns its focus to distribution-free statistics that are based on having ranked data, examining data from experimental studies and rank-based correlative methods. Each chapter includes exercises that help readers achieve a more complete understanding of the material. The book devotes considerable attention not only to the linkage of statistics to practices in experimental science but also to the theoretical foundations of statistics. Frequentist statistical practices often violate their own theoretical premises. The beauty of Bayesian statistics, readers will learn, is that it is an internally coherent system of scientific inference that can be proved from probability theory.
Collected Works of William P. Thurston with Commentary : 4-Volume Set by
This set contains the Collected Works of William P. Thurston with Commentary, Volumes I-IV. William Thurston's work has had a profound influence on mathematics. He connected whole mathematical subjects in entirely new ways and changed the way mathematicians think about geometry, topology, foliations, group theory, dynamical systems, and the way these areas interact. His emphasis on understanding and imagination in mathematical learning and thinking are integral elements of his distinctive legacy. This four-part collection brings together in one place Thurston's major writings, many of which are appearing in publication for the first time. Volumes I-III contain commentaries by the Editors. Volume IV includes a preface by Steven P. Kerckhoff.
Axiomatics : Mathematical Thought and High Modernism by
The first history of postwar mathematics, offering a new interpretation of the rise of abstraction and axiomatics in the twentieth century. Why did abstraction dominate American art, social science, and natural science in the mid-twentieth century? Why, despite opposition, did abstraction and theoretical knowledge flourish across a diverse set of intellectual pursuits during the Cold War? In recovering the centrality of abstraction across a range of modernist projects in the United States, Alma Steingart brings mathematics back into the conversation about midcentury American intellectual thought. The expansion of mathematics in the aftermath of World War II, she demonstrates, was characterized by two opposing tendencies: research in pure mathematics became increasingly abstract and rarified, while research in applied mathematics and mathematical applications grew in prominence as new fields like operations research and game theory brought mathematical knowledge to bear on more domains of knowledge. Both were predicated on the same abstractionist conception of mathematics and were rooted in the same approach: modern axiomatics.
For American mathematicians, the humanities and the sciences did not compete with one another, but instead were two complementary sides of the same epistemological commitment. Steingart further reveals how this mathematical epistemology influenced the sciences and humanities, particularly the postwar social sciences. As mathematics changed, so did the meaning of mathematization. Axiomatics focuses on American mathematicians during a transformative time, following a series of controversies among mathematicians about the nature of mathematics as a field of study and as a body of knowledge. The ensuing debates offer a window onto the postwar development of mathematics band Cold War epistemology writ large. As Steingart's history ably demonstrates, mathematics is the social activity in which styles of truth--here, abstraction--become synonymous with ways of knowing.
Fractional Differential Equations and Inclusions : Classical and Advanced Topics by
This monograph is devoted to the existence and stability (Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability and asymptotic stability) of solutions for various classes of functional differential equations or inclusions involving the Hadamard or Hilfer fractional derivative. Some equations present delay which may be finite, infinite, or state-dependent. Others are subject to impulsive effect which may be fixed or non-instantaneous.Readers will find the book self-contained and unified in presentation. It provides the necessary background material required to go further into the subject and explores the rich research literature in detail. Each chapter concludes with a section devoted to notes and bibliographical remarks and all abstract results are illustrated by examples. The tools used include many classical and modern nonlinear analysis methods such as fixed-point theorems, as well as some notions of Ulam stability, attractivity and the measure of non-compactness as well as the measure of weak noncompactness. It is useful for researchers and graduate students for research, seminars, and advanced graduate courses, in pure and applied mathematics, physics, mechanics, engineering, biology, and all other applied sciences.
Boundary Value Problems for Second-Order Finite Difference Equations and Systems by
This is an indispensable reference for those mathematicians that conduct research activity in applications of fixed-point theory to boundary value problems for nonlinear difference equations. Coverage includes second-order finite difference equations and systems of second-order finite difference equations subject to diverse multi-point boundary conditions, and various methods to study the existence of positive solutions for these problems.
Elements of Graph Theory : From Basic Concepts to Modern Developments by
This book is an introduction to graph theory, presenting most of its elementary and classical notions through an original and rigorous approach, including detailed proofs of most of the results.
It covers all aspects of graph theory from an algebraic, topological and analytic point of view, while also developing the theory’s algorithmic parts. The variety of topics covered aims to lead the reader in understanding graphs in their greatest diversity in order to perceive their power as a mathematical tool.
The book will be useful to undergraduate students in computer science and mathematics as well as in engineering, but it is also intended for graduate students. It will also be of use to both early-stage and experienced researchers wanting to learn more about graphs.
Oeuvres Choisies de Marc Krasner : Un Mathématicien hors du Commun by
Marc Krasner was one of the most original mathematicians of his generation. This work reproduces a selection of articles by Krasner grouped into major subjects, each preceded by an introductory note which highlights the topicality of this work.
Krasner sheds light on his own work and recounts his early scientific vocation, his childhood in the USSR, the emigration of his family to France, and his astonishing and perilous life as a demobilized soldier during the Second World War.
Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control by
The leading and most up-to-date textbook on the far-ranging algorithmic methododogy of Dynamic Programming, which can be used for optimal control, Markovian decision problems, planning and sequential decision making under uncertainty, and discrete/combinatorial optimization. The treatment focuses on basic unifying themes, and conceptual foundations. It illustrates the versatility, power, and generality of the method with many examples and applications from engineering, operations research, and other fields. It also addresses extensively the practical application of the methodology, possibly through the use of approximations, and provides an extensive treatment of the far-reaching methodology of Neuro-Dynamic Programming/Reinforcement Learning.
Volume 2 is oriented towards mathematical analysis and computation, treats infinite horizon problems extensively, and provides an up-to-date account of approximate large-scale dynamic programming and reinforcement learning.
