Whether you are looking for data (the raw numbers, which you can use for analysis) or statistics (the aggregated numbers, which you can use to examine trends and other patterns in populations), the lists on the United States, International, and General Resources pages will offer many possibilities--but they are not and can't be exhaustive lists, so if you need something you don't see here, contact your librarian!
Photo Credit: Kristina Hoeppner, on Flickr